Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World
By
Jonathan Swift
Transcription, correction, editorial commentary, and markup by Students of The University of Virginia, Samuel Nicol, Millicent Wise, Jianna Torre, Sara Brunstetter, Spencer Suddarth
n000When it was first published in 1726, the book that we have come to call Gulliver’s Travels appeared, without any advance notice or fanfare, on the shelves of London booksellers under the title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. The book identified its author as “Lemuel Gulliver, first a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships." The name Jonathan Swift appeared nowhere on or in the the book; in fact, “Lemuel Gulliver" was portrayed in a frontispiece portrait that identified him as being fifty-eight years old and a resident of Redriff, a village on the Thames river to the south east of London, a logical place for a retired seaman to be living.
"Lemuel Gulliver," from a copy printed for the second state of the the first, 1726 edition. The Latin caption, from the Roman satirist Persius, translates as something like "justice, uprightness, and nobility of soul, in the sacred places of the mind, with a heart filled with generous honor." University of Virginia Library
There was of course no Lemuel Gulliver, and the travels depicted in the book that follows his portrait is a complete fiction as well. What Swift had discovered in a way that no one else had before him was the ability of a new medium, here the printed travel narrative, to create the impression of a reality that did not exist. Part-satire, part-hoax, Gulliver's Travels is everywhere an exercise on understanding the relationship between reading and knowing, an attack on the thoughtlessness of colonialist ideology, and a profound contemplation on what it means to be a human being.
If there was never a Lemuel Gulliver, there was no one else quite like Jonathan Swift, either. He was born in Ireland in 1667 to a family that was a part of the wave of English people who went there in that period, English Protestants who were encouraged to emigrate and take positions in Irish institutions in order to bind that island ever more tightly to English domination. Almost all biographical accounts state that his father, also named Jonathan Swift, died seven months before he was born. But there is no documentary evidence for that, or for his parents’ marriage, the date of his father’s death, or even for Swift’s baptism. Swift’s most recent biographer, Leo Damrosch, suggests that his real father may have been Sir John Temple, a wealthy English nobleman who was living in Ireland at the time and who knew Swift’s mother and her family. There is no way of proving this, but it would explain some things, such as how Swift would become the private secretary to William Temple, Sir John Temple’s son. Swift, without a living father who could arrange such a post for him and having had an undistinguished career as a student at Trinity College in Dublin, would not have been an obvious choice, and he seems not to have met William Temple before he began working for him. We will probably never be certain of the truth here, but it is clear that Swift cultivated a certain amount of mystery about his private life. Although we know, for example, that he had intimate friendships with several women, notably Esther Johnson (to whom he gave the name “Stella") and Esther Vanhomrigh (who he referred to as Vanessa, a name that he invented), the full nature of these relationships eluded, even mystified people then, and frustrates us now. (Some people believed that Swift and Stella had been secretly married; others thought that idea was ridiculous.) Friends found him witty and generous, but he could also be demanding and moody. He suffered for much of his life from Meniere’s disease, a disorder where fluid builds up in the inner ear. The condition sometimes left him bedridden for days as he dealt with intense vertigo and nausea; he eventually went deaf. Satirists are often outsiders, and it is not hard to imagine how Swift might have felt himself to be an outsider to his society, set apart by his birth and his health to be an ironic observer as often as a full participant.
Gulliver's Travels was immediately a hit with readers, and it did not take long for its real author to be identified, even though Swift publicly stayed silent about his role for several years. The book was translated into French and other European languages very early on; theatrical versions, some with children playing the Lilliputians, were on the stage in London within a few years. Gulliver's adventures, particularly his experiences with the small but ruthless Lilliputians and the large but gentle Brobdignagians, have become myths of the modern world, stories that everyone knows the general outlines of even if they have never opened the book. But fully grasping what Swift was up to has proven to be a challenge. Swift provided no gloss on his own work, and the book defies an easy moral or satisfying conclusion. What, exactly, are we to make of the Houyhnhnms, the intelligent horses of book IV who seem to have come up with the kind of minimal, direct mode of governance that Swift seems elsewhere to favor, but who are also able to contemplete genocide in casually thinking of exterminating all the Yahoos? What do all of the encounters of Book III, where Gulliver visits a series of miserable projectors of various kinds, add up to, if anything? Who is this Gulliver, anyway, and what kind of character are we dealing with? Swift plays with, defies, and undercuts our expectations for what either a truthful travel narrative or a fictional story should be. Gulliver's Travels is one of the greatest books in English from the eighteenth century.
Jonathan Swift, as painted by Francis Binden in about 1735. Swift holds a copy of the manuscript of part IV, the voyage to the Houyhnhnms, in his hand; in the field outside can be seen horses, referring to the theme of the book.n001Reasons which persuade or lead someone to action. Source: Oxford English Dictionary.n002A county in the east Midlands of England. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn003Apprenticeships in the 16th and 17th century lasted five to nine years. Thus, this suggests that Gulliver quit before his apprenticeship was complete. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn004Forty pounds would be worth 5600 pounds today (2018) or 8000 USD. He was given just thirty pounds to live each year, so thus roughly just enough to live off of each year. Source: https://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/ukcompare/relativevalue.phpn005Leyden, also known as Leiden in the Netherlands, is a college that at the time was renowned for teaching medicine. Source: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/enn455(DRAFT-DC) This means he didn't finish his schooling correct? How long was the average course of study?n006The Levant, depicted here,
is composed of the countries on the Eastern Mediterranean Sea spanning from approximately Greece to Egypt. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn007The Old Jury, or the Old Jewry, is a street in London that historically is a main financial and commercial district in England. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn008A maker of women's panty hose, stockings, or tights. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn009Portion refers to his dowry he received during their marriage. A dowry is gifts or money given to the husband from the wife's family when they marry. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn456(DRAFT-do we want to explain the joke?)Here, Swift lands the punchline of his play on words by aligning the words just so to sound like 'masturbates.'n010While Swift does not outright say it, most likely this is a slave ship, and as a surgeon on a slave-trade, he was mainly there to make sure the the slaves stayed alive during the voyage so they could be traded. Slaves were dying at a nearly one in five rate, so companies begain hiring surgeons to keep their stock alive. Source: http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/middle_passage/ and http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/archaeology/caribbean/n013The East Indies refers to India and the neighboring areas of southeast Asia. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n014The West Indies refers to the area of North America first found by Christopher Columbus and the surrounding area, including the Caribbean Islands. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n457(DRAFT-DC)Fetter-Lane is a street in London, whose name originally came from the Old French 'faitor' which meant lawyer. However, over the years, the name of the street became synonymous with beggars and vagrants who were seen around the area. Later the street was known for its gibbet, a structure used for public executions, that stood at the junction of Fleet and Fetter street. While there is no evidence of it, it's been rumoured that John Dryden lived on Fetter-Lane. Source: Wikipedian460(DRAFT-DC)Wapping is a district in East London which is located on the North bank of the River Thames. Due to its proximity to the River, the Wapping district has been strongly characterized by a maritime and nautical character. In addition to that, the wapping district is well known for its trade, victuallers (liquor salesmen), and Execution Dock. The Execution Dock was where pirates and criminals were hung from gibbets during low tide; the corpses were left to hang until they'd been submerged three times by the incoming tide. Source: Wikipedian015'To turn [something] to account' is defined as turning something into an advantage. In this case, most likely Swift is using the phrase to imply that he did not profit from his endeavors. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn458(DRAFT-DC)At the time, South Sea referred to all of the South Pacific Ocean. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn016Van Diemen's Land was the Dutch name used for what is now the Australian island of Tasmania. Source: https://www.britannica.com/place/Van-Diemens-Landn017A cable's length is a nautical measurement that is roughly 608 feet. So the rock was spied within approximately 304 feet off the ship. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn018A league is a unit of measurement equal to approximately 2.4 - 4.6 miles. Thus three leagues is 7.2 - 13.8 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn019(DRAFT-show ocean connection in definition)A descending incline. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn459Bindings such as rope, thread, or bandages. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn020A vest or jacket made from ox or buffalo hide. The jerkin was often worn by soldiers to help protect against cuts and slashes, as well as, to help prevent chafing under plate armour. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipedia
n021A servant. Often this position is held by a child or young adult. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn022A train is the bottom of a robe, dress, or coat. If a train is long enough it will drag on the ground, and thus a royal's train would be carried by servants. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn023(DRAFT-article missing in teh text)Bear or endure. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn024A type of small brown songbird. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn025The diameter of a musket ball was about half an inch on average. Source: Wikipedian026A hogshead is a large cask or barrel that is often used to hold liquids, such as alcohol. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn027All in one pull, swallow, or drink. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn028Amazing or extraordinary. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn029A group of the King's attendants and closest servants. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn461A signet is a formal seal most commonaly found on documents that serves as authentication of one's position. Here the signet serves as proof of his royal position. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn030Disapproval. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn031Sharp pain inflicted by some outside source. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn032Urinating. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn033To cover or put on. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn034Food. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn035Small twine or thread used to sew or close up bags. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn036Girt is the past tense of gird meaning to bind or to secure something. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn037To cause someone to fall asleep. Thus, the medicine will cause him to sleep or pass out. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn038This seems to be an allusion to the beheading of King Charles I that occurred at the Banqueting-House at White-Hall. Pictured below is an unknown artist's rendering of the scene of Charles I's Execution. Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/king-charles-i-executed-for-treason
n039Fourscore is four times twenty or eighty. So thus there were ninety-one chains. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn040A stang is a measurement of land equal to a Rood, a unit of land that is equal to approximately a quarter of an acre, 10890 square feet. Thus, half a stang is equal to about 5445 square feet, which is about two tennis courts worth. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn041An expedient is something done so one can quickly achieve something. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn042Maligners refers to the people who have "maligned" him or attacked him publically. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn043 Alighted is to come down or get down from something like a bus or a horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn044(DRAFT - Picture) The arched nose is most likely a reference to William III who also had that defining feature. Below is a portrait painting done by Willem Wissing in the late 1600's that truly shows the prominent nose Swift alludes to.
n045Deportment is the manner with which one conducts oneself. Source: Oxford English Dictionariesn046This is most likely a reference to George I who was 66 when he ruled. Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-I-king-of-Great-Britainn047(DRAFT)This is an allusion to George I who had reigned seven years when Gulliver's Travels was published.
n048Felicity is the quality or state of being happy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn049This is a nod to George I who had Turkish servants and thus was often depicted in Turkish dress. Source: https://www.bsecs.org.uk/news-and-events/turkish-servants-to-the-kin
n999A sheath for a sword. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn050Language from the highlands in Southern Germany, now the German Language. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn051The Dutch Language. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn052A mix of the southern Romance languages. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn053Oxen or cattle. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn054Land held by the state. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn055A small pocket, usually for watches, money, or small valuables. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn056Legal term denoting a list of items. Placed at the top of many legal documents of the time, from wills to inventories. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn057Telescope. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n058A tightrope-esque performance using a slackline suspended above the ground, usually involving acrobatics. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn059Flimnap was believed to be an allegory of Sir Robert Walpole, especially with his perceived ability to twist and turn to fit the political clime. Political enemy of Swift. Source: http://ecti.english.illinois.edu/volume-53-2012-supplement/jonathan-swifts-political-biography/ and http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/walpole_robert.shtmln060Somersault. Souce: Oxford English Dictionaryn061Allegory to signify moderate Whigs who had some proclivity for Tories.n062(DRAFT-Sidebar?)The silken threads are the same colors as the Order of the Garter, Order of Bath, and Order of the Thistle. These were military and civilian order conferred based on merit. Swift was satirizing the focus on what he saw as arbitrary distinctions and awards. In the first edition, Swift's publisher changed the colors to purple, yellow, and white to avoid possible political retribution. Swift was upset and wrote a note decrying this change in subsequent editions.n063Revealed. Souce: Oxford English Dictionaryn064Abreast. Souce: Oxford English Dictionaryn065Believed to be a reference to the Second Earl of Nottingham. Source: Lock, F. P. The Politics of Gulliver's Travels. Clarendon Press, 1980. (pg. 114)n066Of the Earth. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0001Given that there is a full moon every twenty-ninedays, "the ninety-first moon of our reign" is a little over seven years. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phasen0002The act of prostration is similar to kneeling or bowing, and is meant to show submission to a higher power. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0003A formal disapproval, criticism, or judgement. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0004(DRAFT-picture)A measuring instrument similar to an astrolabe. The picture shows Ptolemy, its creator, using the quadrant.
n0005Moving sideways. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0006Caution. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0007Garret windows are windows in the roofs of buildings. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0008A mechanical device or invention for a particular situation. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn078b"In the names themselves, Swift may, by reversing foreign words, be indicating to the reader the original difference between the two parties, a difference not in heels but in noses. If we reverse the names "Tramecksan" and "Slamecksan" we find that the former are "nas camard" (nas keemart) or snub-noses while the latter are "nas camels" (nas keemals) or camels'-noses. "Nas" is of course still a French variant for "nez"-or may be the root of "nasus"-while "keemart" is a fairly accurate phonetic spelling of "camard". "Kcenmals" is a phonetic spelling of camels with "e" and "a" transposed." -H. D. Keller. Source:http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4172994.pdf?seq=1n0009Internal or domestic. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0010A little over 476 years. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phasen0011Nearly three years. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phasen0012Roused or instigated. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0013(DRAFT-Should this be done as a side bar? or just a regular annotation?)Jianna gave us slides regarding the computer context of this.n0014Express disapproval. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0015The Alcoran is the sacred book of Islam. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0016Plan or strategy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0017Measured the depths of. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0018A little hill. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0019A man-of-war is a warship. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0020The french word for powerful. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0021Ecomiums are formal, written praises. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0021aEcomiums are formal, written praises. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0022An indirect means or influence. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0023A faction, generally in politics. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0024A substance that causes the increased production of urine. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn081Plucking the lark’s feather. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn082(DRAFT-DC)Is this just a fake one for continuity of the script line? Also perhaps to add to that high academic charcter to casually mention this as though its something his readers will know?n083Involving shame or disgrace. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn084Expenses incurred. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn085A dishonest unprincipled man; a cunning unscrupulous rogue; a villain. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn086The action of representing something as slight; underrating. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn087Schemes, intrigues, maneuvers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryt001"James I. in whose reign the distribution of honours and titles was carried to a scandalous excess. He also created the order of baronets with the object of swelling the treasury."
n088Eager or vehement desire; the coveting of carnal things. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn462Knowing that there is a full moon once every 29.5 days, twenty moons would be a little under one and a half years. Source: Wikipedian089Mildness or gentleness of temper, as shown in the exercise of authority or power; mercy, leniency. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn090A line or cord with a weight at one end, for determining the vertical. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn092Symbol of the office of Lord High Treasurer. Source: (need a source)n093A royal or national treasury. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn094A small round thin piece of glittering metal (usually brass) with a hole in the centre to pass a thread through, used for the decoration of textile fabrics and other materials of various sorts. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn078a"Swift may be using the phrase milles cottes - thousand coats - then neatly removing the phonetically valueless [les] and [tes], reversing the two words and obtaining Limtoc." -H. D. Kelling. Source: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4172994.pdf?seq=1n067Reference to the “Shirt of Nessus," which was the piece of clothing given to Hercules by his wife that poisoned and ultimately killed him. Source: http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/105154/unknown-maker-hercules-poisoned-by-the-shirt-of-nessus-french-about-1413-1415/n068(DRAFT-is this a good annotation? other than the eyes things this doesn't seem to house much other connection to my knowledge? Especially because this seems to be just the eyes where as the bible verses listed include prison and working till death. Omit or keep?) Possible Biblical allusion to the likewise fates of Zedekiah (Jeremiah 52:11) or Samson (Judges 16:21) Source: (need a source, or should it just be the bible)n069“The last name of Skyresh Bolgolam, the Lilliputian admiral, seems quite clearly to contain the Italian or Spanish gola-" throat" or " gluttony " and the French bol or Italian bolo (or the root of Latin bolus) -bolus, pill, or mouthfull. Bolgolam's gustatory prowess is not mentioned, to be sure, but his name can imply more general connotations of greed..." -H.D. Kelling. Source: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4172994.pdf?seq=1n070A purely political ground of action on the part of a ruler or government, esp. as involving expediency or some departure from strict justice, honesty, or open dealing. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn071 Allusions to King George I's speeches about his treatment of Jacobite rebels, where he talks about the “numerous instances of mercy which [he has] shown." Source: Swift's Politics: A Study in Disaffection by Ian Higginsn072The fat, adipose tissue, of an animal. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn073An ensign, standard, or flag. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn074The part of the sea within the Goodwin Sands, off the east coast of Kent, a famous rendezvous for ships. (It lies opposite to the eastern termination of the North Downs.)Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn075Swift actually blamed England for encroaching upon Ireland's wool production, as he claims they convinced Ireland to only produce raw wool instead of turning the wool into valuable cloth for exportation. Source: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/537310/summaryn076The parish at this time, acting as the basic unit of local government, collected funds that were dispersed to the poor as needed. Source: https://eh.net/encyclopedia/english-poor-laws/n077Promising, ‘hopeful’, forward; apt to learn, docile: chiefly of young persons or their dispositions. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn078A city in Gujarat, India. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0025A man from the Southwest county of Cornwall in the United Kingdom. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0026Ague is derived from the old french word Aguë which meant "acute fever." So ague describes diseases such as Malaria that cause high fevers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0027The Molucca Islands is a collection of islands west of New Guinea. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands
n0028In this paragraph, Swift makes use of many nautical terms to the point of excess most likely to poke fun of the travel narratives of the time which often was flooded with nautical terminology.n0029A longboat is one of the many boats that were carried along bigger sailing ships, such as a man-of-war ship. Longboats were ships that were manned by men with oars (usually about eight or ten men). They were used to bring sailors from the main ship to the beach, as often the main ship was too big to dock by the beach. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0030To give some reference as to the size of the hedge, the Americain footabl field is about 160 feet wide. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americain_football_fieldn0031A structure of steps that allows for passage over fences and hedges. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0032An adjective indicating a high level of severity. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0033The act of begging (often used in a religious context) that is often marked by being down on one's knees with palms facing towards the sky. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0034Lapel or a flap in a garmet. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0035Laborers or workers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0036Whilst the Spanish pieces are most likely gold, the other coins are of lesser value. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0037A trencher is a flat piece of wood or a flat piece of bread that was used as a plate during the meal. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0038A dram is a unit of measurement defined as about 3.5ml of fluid. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0039Mischevious. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0040To box someone's ear means to slap them on the side of the head. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0041A journey of about five miles. Source: https://www.google.com/maps/n0042Speaking, or in the case of an infant, probably screaming. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0043Nipple. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0044Speaking of. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0045Attractive or agreeable. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0046(DRAFT-PIC)A short sword that is similar to the English cutlass. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0047To repay. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0048A miser is someone who is stingy and refues to spend their money even to the detriment of their quality of life. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0049Shame. Source: Oxford English dictionaryn0050In accordance with. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0051A seat or bench behind the main drivers seat. Source Oxford English Dictionaryn0052A gimlet is a tool for boring holes into wood that keeps it from splitting. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0053London is about twenty miles away from St. Albans. Source: https://www.google.com/maps/n0054Foolishness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0055Distressed. Source: Oxford English Dictionary n0056A pumpion is an older english word for pumpkin. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0057Score was once a term meaning twenty, similar to dozen meaning twelve. So thus seven or eight score miles would be 140 or 160 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0058Enclosed. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0059Nicholas Sanson was a French cartographer who created multiple atlas. The book was written in folio, so thus approximately the size was twelve inches wide by nineteen inches tall. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_size and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Sansonn0060Portugese gold coins. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0061British gold coins. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0062Improper language. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0063A writing desk. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0064Attendance at court. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0065To reveal or indicate. Source Oxford English Dictionaryn0067"Lusus naturae" is Latin for freak-of-nature. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0068A sash window is a window that has movable panels; these windows are still in popular use today. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0069Whigs and Tories were opposing factions in the British Parliament from the 1680's to the 1850's. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0070Equipment. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0071Indignation is defined as anger towards a misunderstanding or mistreatment. Thus, color here refers to the flushing of Gulliver's face from anger. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0072An arbitress is the feminine form of an arbiter, which is a person who has the ultimate decision making power. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0073Talking foolishly. Source Oxford English Dictionaryn0074A mirror. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0075Witty remarks and conversations. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0076Contemptible. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0077To dismiss from one's position. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0078Request. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0079"Good-humored" banter. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0080Piece by piece. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0081Oppose. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0082An old english term referencing an area of northern and central Asia. Source:Oxford English Dicitonaryn0083A meeting place for the two houses of parliament. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0084A cyst. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0085Bags of wool bagged for sale. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0086A parasitic insect. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0087Rooting is the action of digging with one's snout. Rooting is a common act done by pigs. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0088A vehicle. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0089Dress or uniform. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0090The steeple at the Salisbury Cathedral is 404 feet tall. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbuy_Cathedral
n0091The diameter of the cupola, or dome of St. Paul's Cathedral is 112 feet. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral
n0092An older spelling for shows. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0093A shrub. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0094A stick used for beating, similar to a club. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0095A type of finch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_linnetn0096Hesitate. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0097A criminal. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0098"Jet d'eau" is french for water jet. At the Palace of Versailles there are many fountains that contain water jets. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0099A rowboat for carrying passengers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0100A wood craftsman. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0101A morning meeting held where visitors come to see the King as he wakes up and goes about his morning. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0102A pointed tool for making holes. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0103(DRAFT) A spinet is a keyed instrument resembling a harpsichord or a piano. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0104A cudgel is a similar size to a policeman's baton. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0105Intelligence or "acuteness of mental discernment." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0106Important. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0107An esteemed orator and statesman of Ancient Greece famed for his orations. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenesn0108A Roman politician who "is considered one of Rome's greatest orators." Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciceron0109Happiness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0110The House of Peers, also known as the House of Lords, is the upper house of the British Parliament, with the House of Commons froming the lower house. In Swift's day, the House of Lords was composed of men who had inherited their seats along with their aristocratic titles. Now it is a mix of such people, including those, men and women, who have been appointed to the Lords by the government. The House of Lords has much less power now than it did in Swift's day. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lordsn0111Inheritance (generally of a church or religious body). Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0112The highest appeal court similar to the United State's Supreme Court. Source: Wikipedian0113Strong "defense or safeguard." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0114The lower house of Parliament, consisting of members who were elected to represent specific geographical areas. Contemporary readers would recognize that Guliver's characterization of the House of Commons, and the Parliament more generally, is greatly idealized. In reality, most members of the House of Commons had either been in effect appointed to or purchased their seats, and the institution as a whole was deeply corrupt in this period. Source: Wikipedian0115Gathered or plucked. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0116Notes to aid memory. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0117Greed. Source:Oxford English Dictionaryn0118Biases. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0119Priests or clegymen. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0120With "the spirit of a slave" or a servant. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0121"Reference to the court of the Lord Chancellor of England. The highest court or judicature next to the House of Lords." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0122"Equity here designates a particular branch of the law, one associated with property matters." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0123Write up; to write a law into being. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0124Money. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0125Comforting or heart-stimulating drinks or restoratives. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0126To habituate means to get used to. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0127"Deceitfulness" or "unfaithfulness." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0128To bring together in a concise manner to repeat or summarize. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0129A praising speech. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0130Harmful or villainous. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0131"Hated." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0132"Praiseworthy." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0133A great Greek historian. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0134"To bring [oneself] into favor with someone else." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0135Inventor. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0136"Mildness [or] gentleness." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0137Cessation or end to a judicial case. Source: Oxford English Dictionary.n0138Philosophy of mind (instead of nature) following Kant's philosophy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0139"Quick-witterd" or "imaginative." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0140Page. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0141Pasteboard is about as thick as card stock or cardboard. Source: Wikipedian0142Folio here means book size. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0143Flowery or ornamental. Soruce: Oxford English Dictionaryn0144Severe weather. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0145"Rank by birth." High ranking persons by birth. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0146A cart. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0147To increase or multiply, such as by reproduction. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0148Quarry here may either refer to the bird's roost upon a mountain or the corpses of prey the bird has stacked beside his nest. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0149Hits or blows. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0150Louder than the roar of Niagara Falls. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0151Gloomy or despondent. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0152People of small stature. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0153A man coming from the English county of Shropshire. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0154Immediately or at once. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0155Hardtack or a simple biscuit/cracker that was made on ships made from flour, water, and occasionally salt. Because of its inexpensiveness and non-perishable qualty it was often take on ships. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardtack
n0156Attributed to or ascribed to. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0157A league is about three miles, so thus a hundred leagues would be about three hundred miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0158"With a mental or moral quality or character;" a tact for. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0159Integrity. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0160Truthfulness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0161A variety of apple. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipedian0162A silver three-pence coin has a diameter of 16.20mm. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threepence_(British_coin)n0163"Good-humored ridicule or banter." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0164Phaethon was a deity known for "being rash, adventurous, impetuos, or destructive." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0165Either in reference to a place near Alberta Canada or Tonkin, a region in Vietnam. However, given the cardinal directions of his voyage, I assume, Vietnam. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonquinn0166A historical name for Australia. Source: https:/een.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hollandn0167A farthing is a "quarter of a penny." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0168To pay. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0169A small boat. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0170To trade. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0171Being bound or shackled. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0172A malicious person. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0173Bits of shrubs and twigs. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0174(DRAFT) include a picture here or at the first mentioning of the name "laputa."
n0175Column. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0176Disturbances. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0177Touching or contact. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0178Thinking or reflection. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0179A street drain or a gutter. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0180A crowd or gathering of people. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0181Tied. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0182A woodwind instument of a higher pitch than the bassoon. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0183To force unto someone. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0184(DRAFT GO AND FIX THE OTHER LEAGUE MEASURMENTS) Approximately 310 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0185At about 310 miles in 4.5 days (108 hours,) Laputa is moving at about 2.87 miles per hour. (Perhaps the actual speed of Laputa is a bit more, however, it's impossible to calcuate the floating island's wind resistance, so 2.87 is a good approximation).n0186"One or other of the concentric, transparent, hollow globes imagined by the older astronomers as revolving round the earth and respectively carrying with them the several heavenly bodies (moon, sun, planets, and fixed stars)." Source: Oxford English Dictionary. Oddly enough, for the great thinkers that they are, the Laputians are still following the geocentric model of the solar system.n0187Bevel is the action of cutting away at something so as to change the angle from 90 degrees to something more acute or obtuse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0188Lack of strength or power. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0189An imperceptible stream of flowing particles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0190The point in a planet's revolution when it is nearest the sun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0191Generally once iron begins to glow red-hot, its temperature is about 500-1000 degrees. By this number, they're assuming that the temperature of the sun is 5,000,000-10,000,000 degrees. However, the surface of the sun is only about 10,000 degrees. But, whilst the surface of the sun is only 10,000 degrees, the heat increases as it moves away from the sun into the corona (which stretches approximately 310 miles from the surface), and can reach degrees as high as a few million. Thus, if the perihelion of the earth ever got so close as to be 310 miles from the sun, we'd all be experiencing a nice and toasty, few million degrees. For reference, the moon is about 238,900 miles away from the earth and the International Space Station orbits at about 260 miles from the earth's surface.
However, despite their calculations for temperature not being too far off, the Laputians have overlooked the Roche limit. The Roche limit for the sun and the earth is about 345,729 miles. Thus, if the earth ever got within the Roche limit of the sun, the earth would be torn apart by gravitational and tidal forces long before we ever were able to experience those few million degrees.
Source:Wikipedian0192Gentlemen or something gorgeous or handsome.
Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0193Fancies or whimsies. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0194A hard rock or mineral. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0195A "magnetic oxide of iron." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0196A box containing thread that was thrown back and forth between employees at a weaver's store. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0197Neither horizontal or vertical, but rather at some slanted angle between the two. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryt003(draft) There is a map in the book we could use here
n0198The length of oen revolution. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0199A time of scarcity, specifically in terms of food or other necessary resources. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0200Possession. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0202(DRAFT) Include brackets heren0201n0203One could live off just thirty pounds a year for reference. So he is being given a substantial sum.n0204Highest nobleman. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0205Having the top fused to the vial. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0206Cold and damp. Source: Oxfrod English Dictionaryn0207Colour, dye, or pigment. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0208Gall bladder. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0209A barrel often used to store bourbon.n0210To heat for the purpose of breaking down the item. Soruce: Oxford English Dictionaryn0211The fruit of various nut bearing trees. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0212(DRAFT) A type of weather vane where the vane is a rooster that turns with the direction of the wind. Source: Oxford English Dictionary; insert wikimedia picture
n0213Daily or day-long. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0214Abdominal pain such as to the stomach, colon, or bowels. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0215A bellows is an instrument that blows air into a fire. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
.png "graphic")
n0216"Loose from emptiness." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0217Some compound or acid referring to nitrogen. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0218To filter or sift a liquid. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0219Breaking. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0220The husks of corn. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0221Referring to a seed. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryt004(DRAFT) A picture of these people and how they look would be interesting
n0222The surface layer. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0223The process of declining. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0224(DRAFT)There is a picture here in the book
n0225To draw, portray, or write down. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0226Referring to the head. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0227Medicine. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0228A beast that is made up of various different parts of different animals. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0229Lawlessness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0230Boils. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0231Diseased. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0232Scrofula is a disease that causes the lymph nodes and glands to swell and deteriorate. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0233Bad smelling. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0234Pus-like. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0235Burps. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0236A wide variety of different medicines. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0237Outspoken. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0238The back of the head. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0239Beneficial, good. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0240Law violations. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0241Gallows. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0242A jester's cap. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0243A cask. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0244Portsmouth is about 17sq miles. Source: Wikipedian0245About 17 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0246A rowboat. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0247The Isle of Wight is about 150sq miles, thus Glubbdubrib is about 50sq miles. Source: Wikipedia.n0248Gross, weird, or absurd. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0249Alexander the Great 356-323 BCE
He was the king of the Macedonian empire who created the largest empire of the ancient world. His influence caused the emergence of the Hellenistic Period. he was rumored to have died by poison. Source: Wikipedia
n0250The battle of Arbela, also known as the battle of Gaugamela, saw an outnumbered Alexander the Great defeat the Persians. Source: Wikipedian0251Hannibal Barca 247-183 BCE
A Cathaginian general who led one of the most famous military crusades when he took his army across the Alps. Source: Wikipedian0252Drop of vinegar is a reference to how Hannibal would heat up rocks and pour vinegar on them to soften up the rocks that were blocking his way. Source: Wikipedian0253Julius Caesar 100-44 BCE
A famed Roman politician and general who was a member of the first triumvirate. With his hunger for power he brought an end to the Roman Republic and rose to power as a dictator in the Roman Empire. The picture below depicts his assasination on the Ides of March by his fellow senators. Source: Wikipedia
n0254Pompey 106-46 BCE
Rule of the late Roman Republic and general who was a part of the first triumvirate alongside Caesar. However, their friendship didn't last long as they fought for control of Rome. Losing against Caesar, Pompey fled to Egypt where he was later assassinated. Source: Wikipedian0255A long enduring political body in Rome based on a Republic government where a state is ruled by a body of elected governing citizens. Source: Wikipedian0256Marcus Junius Brutus 85-42 BCE
Famed assassin of Caesar, Brutus was a Roman politician of the Roman Republic. During the civil war between Pompey and Caesar for power, Brutus sided with Pompey, but surrendered to Caesar after Pompey's defeat. After assassinating Caesar with his fellow Liberators, Brutus later went on to commit suicide after being defeated by Caesar's grandnephew Octavian. Below is a picture of Brutus being haunted by the ghost of Caesar. Source: Wikipedia
n0257Respect. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0258Complete or perfect. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0259Portion. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0260Junius is a famous family of Rome or in reference to Lucius Junius Brutus, a founder of the Roman Republic. Source: Wikipedian0261Socrates 470-399 BCE
Famed Greek philosopher, while he never wrote anything, his embodiment and thoughts live through his student Plato's dialogues. Source: Wikipedian0262Epaminondas ?-362 BCE
A Greek general who free Thebes from Spartan Control. Source: Wikipedian0263Cato the younger 95-6 BCE
A Roman Statesman of the Roman Republic. He was a famous orator known for his integrity and his hatred for corruption. Source: Wikipedian0264Sir Thomas More 1478-1535 AD
A Renaissance humanist who was famed as a lawyer, philosopher, statesman, and councilor to the King. He opposed the Protestant Reformation. Source: Wikipedian0265Sir Thomas More 1478-1535 AD
A Renaissance humanist who was famed as a lawyer, philosopher, statesman, and councilor to the King. He opposed the Protestant Reformation. Source: Wikipedian0266A group of six. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0267Homer is the acsribed author of the Greek epic poems "The Illiad" and "The Odyssey" Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0268Aristotle 384-322 BCE
A Greek scientist and philosopher famed as the "Father of Western Philosophy." Source: Wikipedia.n0269Didymus is the author of a commentary on Homer. Source: Wikipedian0270Eustathius is the author of a commentary on the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey." Source: Wikipedian0271Scotus is a philosopher and commentator on Aristotle. Dunce is derived from his name. Source: Wikipedian0272Ramus is a French philosopher opposed to Aristotlen0273Descartes 1596-1650 AD
A French philosopher and mathematician, and speaker of the phrase, "I think therefore I am." Source: Wikipedia
n0274Pierre Gassendi 1592-1655 AD
A French philosopher, priest, and mathematician. Descartes and Aristotle did not get along intellectually with Gassendi due to his beliefs in the atomic idea of Epicurus. Source: Wikipedian0275Epicurus 341-270 BCE
A Greek philosopher famed for his school of philosophy, Epicureanism. Epicureanism was a form of hedonism, focusing of maximization of pleasure. However, Epicurus put a focus on living a simple life of happiness. Thus isntead of falling to any extremes, he advocated living within the means. Source: Wikipeadian0276Vortexes. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0277The first five Roman emperors were as follows: Augustus Caesar, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Neron0278Eglabalus 203-222 AD
Roman emperor who ruled from 218-222 AD, and died at the age of eighteen. Eglabalus was known for his emphasis on luxury. Source: Wikipedian0279A kind of Spartan serf that is lesser than a regular citizen, but higher than a slave. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0280Agesilaus 444-360 BCE
A Spartan king.n0281Crowns. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0282Spruce means brisk, lively, or neat, while a courtier is an attendant at court. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0283A highly ranked cleric. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0284An abbot is the head of a Christian abbey. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0285Men of the Pope's council. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0286Male servants or pages. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0287Intellectually impaired or crazy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0288Swindlers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0289Polydore Virgil 1470-1555 AD
An Italian scholar famed as the "father of English history." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0290This Latin phrase translates as "not a man was brave, nor a woman chaste." Source: Wikipedian0291A personal attendant. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0292Coach drivers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0294In this time, sodomites generally referred to homosexuals. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0295Generally someone in charge of a brothel or a pimp. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0296Misconduct. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0297The act of pimping. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0298Diminish or reduce. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0299The battle of Actium (31 BCE) is a famous naval battle that was considered the "final war of the Roman Republic." The battle was between Octavian and the forces of Antony and Cleopatra. The battle was won by Octavian as he moved further away from the old Roman Republic and went on to help construct the Roman Empire. Source: Wikipedia
n0300Mark Antony 83-30 BCE
He was a Roman Politician, and one of the Second Triumvirate. He followed Julius Caesar and killed his assassins at the battle of Philippi. However, quickly tensions grew between Octavian and Antony, and just as it did with the first triumvirate, a second civil war broke out. Antony, married to Octavian's sister octavia, was having an affair with Cleopatra and had her kingdom fight alongside him in the war they lost. After their loss, the couple both committed suicide. Source: Wikipedian0301Augustus here is most likely a reference to Octavian after he defeated Antony for rule of Rome. Source: Wikipedian0302Publicola was one of the Roman aristocrats who helped overthrow Julius Caesar. Source: Wikipedian0303Agrippa 64-12 BCE
A general and friend of Octavian. Source: Wikipedian0304Servants. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0305"Of the old stamp" means that the English yeomen operate by the old English ways. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0306Mercifulness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0307207 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0308Shallow waters or a sand bar. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0309About 607 feet. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0310A guard. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0311Group. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0312Mercy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0313Appellation is derived from the French word appeler, which means to call. In French to say "My name is Adam," you would say "Je m'appelle adam" which translates directly as 'I call myself Adam." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0314Compass refers to the circumference. The circumference of a silver threepence is about the circumference of a dime. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipedian0315An English shilling's diameter is 23mm or a bit bigger than an Americain Nickel. Source: Wikipedia
n031660. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0317(DRAFT) Maybe a picture earlier of a strudlebugn031880 years old. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0319The act of doting, caring, or adoring. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0320A small amount of money. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0321Boundaries or property lines. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0322Ambon, Indonesia. Source: Wikipedian0323A province of the Netherlands. Source: Wikipedian0455Swift invented this word, which has gone on to have a wide range of uses, from deignating an uncultured rube to an internet portal.n0324A ship that deals in merchandise or trading. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0325Tenerife is a reference to the biggest of the Canary Islands of Spain. Source: Wikipedia
n0326Campeche is a Mexican territory marked on the map with the red dot. To get there, Captain Pocock will be sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0327Filled with water and sank. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0328A disease where sailors become delirious and want to jump into the sea. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0329A type of Pirates. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0330The south Atlantic Ocean. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0331To corrupt one's morality or to seduce away from virtue. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0332Gun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0333Ask, demand, or plead. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0334Cargo. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0335Some of these sailor's "toys" may have included a hanger, an astrolabe or quadrant, some hardtack, rope or pack-thread, a compass, a scarf or cravat to keep of the sun, and some gold coins. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipediathicketn0336Shrubs or bushes. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0337(DRAFT) Picture?n0338Genitals. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0339Breasts. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0340Hostility or anger. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0341Face. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0456(DRAFT) The pastern of the horse is essentially an ankle. In the picture it is the white part of the horse's leg. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0342Spelling. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0343(DRAFT) Perhaps give a pronunciation guide and an explanation like: huh-wE-nims.n0344Constructed with interlaced rods, posts, or twigs. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0345A rack and manger is where a horse stores and eats food. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0346A nag is an old or small horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0347Adult female horses. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0348The thigh or crook of the knee. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0349A young male horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0350A young female horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0351The haunches of a horse refers to its buttocks and backs of the legs. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0352Strong ties or shackles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0353Chestnut or reddish brown. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0355The fetlock is the part of the horse's leg right above the pastern. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0356A stallion or adult strong male horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0357To sift the extra particles from the grains by using the air to filter it. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0358Tasteless. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0359This isn't true. Salt licks are a common meeting grounds for many animals like cattle, deer, moose, elephants, and many others. In fact, hunters will occasionally lay out salt blocks to attract deer or other game.n0360The binomial nomenclature for humans today is "Homosapien Sapiens" which translates roughly as wise, wiseman. Source: Wikipedian0361Amusing. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0362Grueling work. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0363Disdain or disregard. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0364Carrying. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0365Talking in " a roundabout" way to explain something. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0366Similar things. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0367The breaking of a vow or saying something is truthful despite knowing that it's false. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0368Similar to evading the draft; military desertion.n0369Lack of restraint or the exercising of excess. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0370Ideas or vauge notions to explain. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0371Invincible. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0372Familiarity with the topics. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0373An excerpt. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0374Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)
King James II was overthrown by the Prince of Orange (William II) and members of the parliament. This revolution was also known as the Bloodless Revolution. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolutionn0375Nine Years War (1688-1689)
The war was between a coaltion of England, Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, Savoy, Spain, and the Dutch Republic against the French king Louis XIV. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Years%27_Warn0376Unfortunately population estimations for England before 1800 vary a lot. however, in 1801 the population, taken by a census, showed the population to be 7,754,875.
Populations for 1700 approximate the country to house 5,200,00 inhabitants. So when Gulliver say's they lost one million people that was about one fifth of the population of England. However, given that most people would not be privy to this census data, nor an actual number of how many died in the war, this would just a estimate on Gulliver's part.
For reference: the population of Chicago, as of 2016, was about 2.705 million people. Source: Wikipedian0377Choirs and organs were removed from the churches in 1649 till 1660 due to Presbyterian influence. Source: Wikipedian0378Post refers to an idol. Here Swift is commenting on the debate about practicing idol worshipping. Source: Wikipedian0379An epidemic or disease like the plague. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0380Made chaotic by or interfered with by. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0381Job. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0382Impoverished. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0383A small hand-gun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0384A medium sized gun somewhere between a musket and a hand-gun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0385A reference to the military tactic of mining tunnels underneath the opposing army and exploding the ground underneath them. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0386A coutner-plot or a secret plan. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0387Screamed or yelled. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0388To wrong. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0389Unjust. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0390Suspend or defer a proceeding until a later time. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0391A decision. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0392Vernacular or jargonn0393Commit perjury. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0394Bribing someone, often times to commit a crime. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0395To bully or intimidate. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0396Defaming someone in writing. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0397Living in excess. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0398Insertion. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0399Predicting. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0400Forewarning. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0401Compliant. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0402A school or a place of education. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0403A gatekeeper or a bellhop that carries luggage. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0404A red-brown colour. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0405Old anatomy and theories of psychology often cited the spleen as the seat sadness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0406This is referring to Juvenal's second Satire where he cites irregular sexual appetites and preferences such as homosexuality to be a product of society. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satires_(Juvenal)n0407(DRAFT) A person who talks incessantly or literally a crow. Source: Oxford English Dictionary (Just want a second opinion cause the book doesn't say much about thisn0408Restless. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0409Sexful, lustful, or lewd. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0410Very sexual and offensive. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0411Inclination. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0412(DRAFT) The "fruit of a blackthorn." Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0413(DRAFT) Back in the 1700's in Ireland, a law was passed that placed the age of consent at twelve. However, Swift's rumored lovers Stella and Vanessa were supposedly significantly younger than himself, and while we don't know their exact ages, it could have been around twelve. Source: Oxford World's Classics Gulliver's Travelsn0414To be a part of. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0415Unteachable. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0416To reproduce. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0417Bundles of crops or wheat. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0418Eighty. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0419A mat made of various reeds. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0420Taunters. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0421One who blames or condemns others. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0422Similar to a backstabber or someone who talks behind your back. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0423Someone who is dominated by their spleen. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0424Rapistsn0425Public humiliation. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0426Fools. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0427Diseases or STD's. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0428Thinkers, teachers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0429To comment on. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0430Perversion. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0431Seventeen miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0432A thicket of trees or underbrush. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0433Hard animal fat. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0434Watertight. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0435Judged. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0436A historical name for Australia.n0437The Cape of Good Hope is the bottom tip of Africa. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0438Food similar to a clam. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn439Just under two miles. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0440Lisbon is the capital city of Portugal. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0441Truthfulness. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0442Not subject to corruption or violation. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0443Equipped. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0444One's manner of being. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0445A variety of European shrubs. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0446Generally you could live off of 30-40 pounds a year, so Gulliver has been given quite a lot of money.n0447Credence or values. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0448(DRAFT) This is a quote by Virgil that translates as "Nor if fortune has made Sinon, will she also in her spite make him false and a liar." Sinon, tells a lie and convinces the Trojans to take in the wooden horse into their city which leads to their ultimate destruction. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonn0449Missive refers to missile. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0450Kicks. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0452"He kicks back, at every point on his guard." Horace's Satire IIn0451Great, noble, or brave. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0453Cursed. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0454Someone who bribes others to commit crimes. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
"Lemuel Gulliver," from a copy printed for the second state of the the first, 1726 edition. The Latin caption, from the Roman satirist Persius, translates as something like "justice, uprightness, and nobility of soul, in the sacred places of the mind, with a heart filled with generous honor." University of Virginia Library
There was of course no Lemuel Gulliver, and the travels depicted in the book that follows his portrait is a complete fiction as well. What Swift had discovered in a way that no one else had before him was the ability of a new medium, here the printed travel narrative, to create the impression of a reality that did not exist. Part-satire, part-hoax, Gulliver's Travels is everywhere an exercise on understanding the relationship between reading and knowing, an attack on the thoughtlessness of colonialist ideology, and a profound contemplation on what it means to be a human being.
If there was never a Lemuel Gulliver, there was no one else quite like Jonathan Swift, either. He was born in Ireland in 1667 to a family that was a part of the wave of English people who went there in that period, English Protestants who were encouraged to emigrate and take positions in Irish institutions in order to bind that island ever more tightly to English domination. Almost all biographical accounts state that his father, also named Jonathan Swift, died seven months before he was born. But there is no documentary evidence for that, or for his parents’ marriage, the date of his father’s death, or even for Swift’s baptism. Swift’s most recent biographer, Leo Damrosch, suggests that his real father may have been Sir John Temple, a wealthy English nobleman who was living in Ireland at the time and who knew Swift’s mother and her family. There is no way of proving this, but it would explain some things, such as how Swift would become the private secretary to William Temple, Sir John Temple’s son. Swift, without a living father who could arrange such a post for him and having had an undistinguished career as a student at Trinity College in Dublin, would not have been an obvious choice, and he seems not to have met William Temple before he began working for him. We will probably never be certain of the truth here, but it is clear that Swift cultivated a certain amount of mystery about his private life. Although we know, for example, that he had intimate friendships with several women, notably Esther Johnson (to whom he gave the name “Stella") and Esther Vanhomrigh (who he referred to as Vanessa, a name that he invented), the full nature of these relationships eluded, even mystified people then, and frustrates us now. (Some people believed that Swift and Stella had been secretly married; others thought that idea was ridiculous.) Friends found him witty and generous, but he could also be demanding and moody. He suffered for much of his life from Meniere’s disease, a disorder where fluid builds up in the inner ear. The condition sometimes left him bedridden for days as he dealt with intense vertigo and nausea; he eventually went deaf. Satirists are often outsiders, and it is not hard to imagine how Swift might have felt himself to be an outsider to his society, set apart by his birth and his health to be an ironic observer as often as a full participant.
Gulliver's Travels was immediately a hit with readers, and it did not take long for its real author to be identified, even though Swift publicly stayed silent about his role for several years. The book was translated into French and other European languages very early on; theatrical versions, some with children playing the Lilliputians, were on the stage in London within a few years. Gulliver's adventures, particularly his experiences with the small but ruthless Lilliputians and the large but gentle Brobdignagians, have become myths of the modern world, stories that everyone knows the general outlines of even if they have never opened the book. But fully grasping what Swift was up to has proven to be a challenge. Swift provided no gloss on his own work, and the book defies an easy moral or satisfying conclusion. What, exactly, are we to make of the Houyhnhnms, the intelligent horses of book IV who seem to have come up with the kind of minimal, direct mode of governance that Swift seems elsewhere to favor, but who are also able to contemplete genocide in casually thinking of exterminating all the Yahoos? What do all of the encounters of Book III, where Gulliver visits a series of miserable projectors of various kinds, add up to, if anything? Who is this Gulliver, anyway, and what kind of character are we dealing with? Swift plays with, defies, and undercuts our expectations for what either a truthful travel narrative or a fictional story should be. Gulliver's Travels is one of the greatest books in English from the eighteenth century.
Jonathan Swift, as painted by Francis Binden in about 1735. Swift holds a copy of the manuscript of part IV, the voyage to the Houyhnhnms, in his hand; in the field outside can be seen horses, referring to the theme of the book.n001Reasons which persuade or lead someone to action. Source: Oxford English Dictionary.n002A county in the east Midlands of England. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn003Apprenticeships in the 16th and 17th century lasted five to nine years. Thus, this suggests that Gulliver quit before his apprenticeship was complete. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn004Forty pounds would be worth 5600 pounds today (2018) or 8000 USD. He was given just thirty pounds to live each year, so thus roughly just enough to live off of each year. Source: https://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/ukcompare/relativevalue.phpn005Leyden, also known as Leiden in the Netherlands, is a college that at the time was renowned for teaching medicine. Source: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/enn455(DRAFT-DC) This means he didn't finish his schooling correct? How long was the average course of study?n006The Levant, depicted here,
is composed of the countries on the Eastern Mediterranean Sea spanning from approximately Greece to Egypt. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn007The Old Jury, or the Old Jewry, is a street in London that historically is a main financial and commercial district in England. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn008A maker of women's panty hose, stockings, or tights. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn009Portion refers to his dowry he received during their marriage. A dowry is gifts or money given to the husband from the wife's family when they marry. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn456(DRAFT-do we want to explain the joke?)Here, Swift lands the punchline of his play on words by aligning the words just so to sound like 'masturbates.'n010While Swift does not outright say it, most likely this is a slave ship, and as a surgeon on a slave-trade, he was mainly there to make sure the the slaves stayed alive during the voyage so they could be traded. Slaves were dying at a nearly one in five rate, so companies begain hiring surgeons to keep their stock alive. Source: http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/middle_passage/ and http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/archaeology/caribbean/n013The East Indies refers to India and the neighboring areas of southeast Asia. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n014The West Indies refers to the area of North America first found by Christopher Columbus and the surrounding area, including the Caribbean Islands. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n457(DRAFT-DC)Fetter-Lane is a street in London, whose name originally came from the Old French 'faitor' which meant lawyer. However, over the years, the name of the street became synonymous with beggars and vagrants who were seen around the area. Later the street was known for its gibbet, a structure used for public executions, that stood at the junction of Fleet and Fetter street. While there is no evidence of it, it's been rumoured that John Dryden lived on Fetter-Lane. Source: Wikipedian460(DRAFT-DC)Wapping is a district in East London which is located on the North bank of the River Thames. Due to its proximity to the River, the Wapping district has been strongly characterized by a maritime and nautical character. In addition to that, the wapping district is well known for its trade, victuallers (liquor salesmen), and Execution Dock. The Execution Dock was where pirates and criminals were hung from gibbets during low tide; the corpses were left to hang until they'd been submerged three times by the incoming tide. Source: Wikipedian015'To turn [something] to account' is defined as turning something into an advantage. In this case, most likely Swift is using the phrase to imply that he did not profit from his endeavors. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn458(DRAFT-DC)At the time, South Sea referred to all of the South Pacific Ocean. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn016Van Diemen's Land was the Dutch name used for what is now the Australian island of Tasmania. Source: https://www.britannica.com/place/Van-Diemens-Landn017A cable's length is a nautical measurement that is roughly 608 feet. So the rock was spied within approximately 304 feet off the ship. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn018A league is a unit of measurement equal to approximately 2.4 - 4.6 miles. Thus three leagues is 7.2 - 13.8 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn019(DRAFT-show ocean connection in definition)A descending incline. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn459Bindings such as rope, thread, or bandages. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn020A vest or jacket made from ox or buffalo hide. The jerkin was often worn by soldiers to help protect against cuts and slashes, as well as, to help prevent chafing under plate armour. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipedia
n021A servant. Often this position is held by a child or young adult. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn022A train is the bottom of a robe, dress, or coat. If a train is long enough it will drag on the ground, and thus a royal's train would be carried by servants. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn023(DRAFT-article missing in teh text)Bear or endure. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn024A type of small brown songbird. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn025The diameter of a musket ball was about half an inch on average. Source: Wikipedian026A hogshead is a large cask or barrel that is often used to hold liquids, such as alcohol. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn027All in one pull, swallow, or drink. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn028Amazing or extraordinary. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn029A group of the King's attendants and closest servants. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn461A signet is a formal seal most commonaly found on documents that serves as authentication of one's position. Here the signet serves as proof of his royal position. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn030Disapproval. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn031Sharp pain inflicted by some outside source. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn032Urinating. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn033To cover or put on. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn034Food. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn035Small twine or thread used to sew or close up bags. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn036Girt is the past tense of gird meaning to bind or to secure something. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn037To cause someone to fall asleep. Thus, the medicine will cause him to sleep or pass out. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn038This seems to be an allusion to the beheading of King Charles I that occurred at the Banqueting-House at White-Hall. Pictured below is an unknown artist's rendering of the scene of Charles I's Execution. Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/king-charles-i-executed-for-treason
n039Fourscore is four times twenty or eighty. So thus there were ninety-one chains. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn040A stang is a measurement of land equal to a Rood, a unit of land that is equal to approximately a quarter of an acre, 10890 square feet. Thus, half a stang is equal to about 5445 square feet, which is about two tennis courts worth. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn041An expedient is something done so one can quickly achieve something. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn042Maligners refers to the people who have "maligned" him or attacked him publically. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn043 Alighted is to come down or get down from something like a bus or a horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn044(DRAFT - Picture) The arched nose is most likely a reference to William III who also had that defining feature. Below is a portrait painting done by Willem Wissing in the late 1600's that truly shows the prominent nose Swift alludes to.
n045Deportment is the manner with which one conducts oneself. Source: Oxford English Dictionariesn046This is most likely a reference to George I who was 66 when he ruled. Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-I-king-of-Great-Britainn047(DRAFT)This is an allusion to George I who had reigned seven years when Gulliver's Travels was published.
n048Felicity is the quality or state of being happy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn049This is a nod to George I who had Turkish servants and thus was often depicted in Turkish dress. Source: https://www.bsecs.org.uk/news-and-events/turkish-servants-to-the-kin
n999A sheath for a sword. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn050Language from the highlands in Southern Germany, now the German Language. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn051The Dutch Language. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn052A mix of the southern Romance languages. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn053Oxen or cattle. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn054Land held by the state. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn055A small pocket, usually for watches, money, or small valuables. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn056Legal term denoting a list of items. Placed at the top of many legal documents of the time, from wills to inventories. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn057Telescope. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n058A tightrope-esque performance using a slackline suspended above the ground, usually involving acrobatics. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn059Flimnap was believed to be an allegory of Sir Robert Walpole, especially with his perceived ability to twist and turn to fit the political clime. Political enemy of Swift. Source: http://ecti.english.illinois.edu/volume-53-2012-supplement/jonathan-swifts-political-biography/ and http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/walpole_robert.shtmln060Somersault. Souce: Oxford English Dictionaryn061Allegory to signify moderate Whigs who had some proclivity for Tories.n062(DRAFT-Sidebar?)The silken threads are the same colors as the Order of the Garter, Order of Bath, and Order of the Thistle. These were military and civilian order conferred based on merit. Swift was satirizing the focus on what he saw as arbitrary distinctions and awards. In the first edition, Swift's publisher changed the colors to purple, yellow, and white to avoid possible political retribution. Swift was upset and wrote a note decrying this change in subsequent editions.n063Revealed. Souce: Oxford English Dictionaryn064Abreast. Souce: Oxford English Dictionaryn065Believed to be a reference to the Second Earl of Nottingham. Source: Lock, F. P. The Politics of Gulliver's Travels. Clarendon Press, 1980. (pg. 114)n066Of the Earth. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0001Given that there is a full moon every twenty-ninedays, "the ninety-first moon of our reign" is a little over seven years. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phasen0002The act of prostration is similar to kneeling or bowing, and is meant to show submission to a higher power. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0003A formal disapproval, criticism, or judgement. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0004(DRAFT-picture)A measuring instrument similar to an astrolabe. The picture shows Ptolemy, its creator, using the quadrant.
n0005Moving sideways. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0006Caution. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0007Garret windows are windows in the roofs of buildings. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0008A mechanical device or invention for a particular situation. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn078b"In the names themselves, Swift may, by reversing foreign words, be indicating to the reader the original difference between the two parties, a difference not in heels but in noses. If we reverse the names "Tramecksan" and "Slamecksan" we find that the former are "nas camard" (nas keemart) or snub-noses while the latter are "nas camels" (nas keemals) or camels'-noses. "Nas" is of course still a French variant for "nez"-or may be the root of "nasus"-while "keemart" is a fairly accurate phonetic spelling of "camard". "Kcenmals" is a phonetic spelling of camels with "e" and "a" transposed." -H. D. Keller. Source:http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4172994.pdf?seq=1n0009Internal or domestic. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0010A little over 476 years. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phasen0011Nearly three years. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phasen0012Roused or instigated. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0013(DRAFT-Should this be done as a side bar? or just a regular annotation?)Jianna gave us slides regarding the computer context of this.n0014Express disapproval. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0015The Alcoran is the sacred book of Islam. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0016Plan or strategy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0017Measured the depths of. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0018A little hill. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0019A man-of-war is a warship. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0020The french word for powerful. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0021Ecomiums are formal, written praises. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0021aEcomiums are formal, written praises. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0022An indirect means or influence. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0023A faction, generally in politics. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0024A substance that causes the increased production of urine. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn081Plucking the lark’s feather. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn082(DRAFT-DC)Is this just a fake one for continuity of the script line? Also perhaps to add to that high academic charcter to casually mention this as though its something his readers will know?n083Involving shame or disgrace. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn084Expenses incurred. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn085A dishonest unprincipled man; a cunning unscrupulous rogue; a villain. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn086The action of representing something as slight; underrating. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn087Schemes, intrigues, maneuvers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryt001"James I. in whose reign the distribution of honours and titles was carried to a scandalous excess. He also created the order of baronets with the object of swelling the treasury."
n088Eager or vehement desire; the coveting of carnal things. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn462Knowing that there is a full moon once every 29.5 days, twenty moons would be a little under one and a half years. Source: Wikipedian089Mildness or gentleness of temper, as shown in the exercise of authority or power; mercy, leniency. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn090A line or cord with a weight at one end, for determining the vertical. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn092Symbol of the office of Lord High Treasurer. Source: (need a source)n093A royal or national treasury. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn094A small round thin piece of glittering metal (usually brass) with a hole in the centre to pass a thread through, used for the decoration of textile fabrics and other materials of various sorts. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn078a"Swift may be using the phrase milles cottes - thousand coats - then neatly removing the phonetically valueless [les] and [tes], reversing the two words and obtaining Limtoc." -H. D. Kelling. Source: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4172994.pdf?seq=1n067Reference to the “Shirt of Nessus," which was the piece of clothing given to Hercules by his wife that poisoned and ultimately killed him. Source: http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/105154/unknown-maker-hercules-poisoned-by-the-shirt-of-nessus-french-about-1413-1415/n068(DRAFT-is this a good annotation? other than the eyes things this doesn't seem to house much other connection to my knowledge? Especially because this seems to be just the eyes where as the bible verses listed include prison and working till death. Omit or keep?) Possible Biblical allusion to the likewise fates of Zedekiah (Jeremiah 52:11) or Samson (Judges 16:21) Source: (need a source, or should it just be the bible)n069“The last name of Skyresh Bolgolam, the Lilliputian admiral, seems quite clearly to contain the Italian or Spanish gola-" throat" or " gluttony " and the French bol or Italian bolo (or the root of Latin bolus) -bolus, pill, or mouthfull. Bolgolam's gustatory prowess is not mentioned, to be sure, but his name can imply more general connotations of greed..." -H.D. Kelling. Source: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4172994.pdf?seq=1n070A purely political ground of action on the part of a ruler or government, esp. as involving expediency or some departure from strict justice, honesty, or open dealing. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn071 Allusions to King George I's speeches about his treatment of Jacobite rebels, where he talks about the “numerous instances of mercy which [he has] shown." Source: Swift's Politics: A Study in Disaffection by Ian Higginsn072The fat, adipose tissue, of an animal. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn073An ensign, standard, or flag. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn074The part of the sea within the Goodwin Sands, off the east coast of Kent, a famous rendezvous for ships. (It lies opposite to the eastern termination of the North Downs.)Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn075Swift actually blamed England for encroaching upon Ireland's wool production, as he claims they convinced Ireland to only produce raw wool instead of turning the wool into valuable cloth for exportation. Source: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/537310/summaryn076The parish at this time, acting as the basic unit of local government, collected funds that were dispersed to the poor as needed. Source: https://eh.net/encyclopedia/english-poor-laws/n077Promising, ‘hopeful’, forward; apt to learn, docile: chiefly of young persons or their dispositions. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn078A city in Gujarat, India. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0025A man from the Southwest county of Cornwall in the United Kingdom. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0026Ague is derived from the old french word Aguë which meant "acute fever." So ague describes diseases such as Malaria that cause high fevers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0027The Molucca Islands is a collection of islands west of New Guinea. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands
n0028In this paragraph, Swift makes use of many nautical terms to the point of excess most likely to poke fun of the travel narratives of the time which often was flooded with nautical terminology.n0029A longboat is one of the many boats that were carried along bigger sailing ships, such as a man-of-war ship. Longboats were ships that were manned by men with oars (usually about eight or ten men). They were used to bring sailors from the main ship to the beach, as often the main ship was too big to dock by the beach. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0030To give some reference as to the size of the hedge, the Americain footabl field is about 160 feet wide. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americain_football_fieldn0031A structure of steps that allows for passage over fences and hedges. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0032An adjective indicating a high level of severity. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0033The act of begging (often used in a religious context) that is often marked by being down on one's knees with palms facing towards the sky. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0034Lapel or a flap in a garmet. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0035Laborers or workers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0036Whilst the Spanish pieces are most likely gold, the other coins are of lesser value. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0037A trencher is a flat piece of wood or a flat piece of bread that was used as a plate during the meal. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0038A dram is a unit of measurement defined as about 3.5ml of fluid. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0039Mischevious. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0040To box someone's ear means to slap them on the side of the head. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0041A journey of about five miles. Source: https://www.google.com/maps/n0042Speaking, or in the case of an infant, probably screaming. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0043Nipple. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0044Speaking of. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0045Attractive or agreeable. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0046(DRAFT-PIC)A short sword that is similar to the English cutlass. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0047To repay. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0048A miser is someone who is stingy and refues to spend their money even to the detriment of their quality of life. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0049Shame. Source: Oxford English dictionaryn0050In accordance with. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0051A seat or bench behind the main drivers seat. Source Oxford English Dictionaryn0052A gimlet is a tool for boring holes into wood that keeps it from splitting. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0053London is about twenty miles away from St. Albans. Source: https://www.google.com/maps/n0054Foolishness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0055Distressed. Source: Oxford English Dictionary n0056A pumpion is an older english word for pumpkin. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0057Score was once a term meaning twenty, similar to dozen meaning twelve. So thus seven or eight score miles would be 140 or 160 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0058Enclosed. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0059Nicholas Sanson was a French cartographer who created multiple atlas. The book was written in folio, so thus approximately the size was twelve inches wide by nineteen inches tall. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_size and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Sansonn0060Portugese gold coins. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0061British gold coins. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0062Improper language. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0063A writing desk. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0064Attendance at court. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0065To reveal or indicate. Source Oxford English Dictionaryn0067"Lusus naturae" is Latin for freak-of-nature. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0068A sash window is a window that has movable panels; these windows are still in popular use today. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0069Whigs and Tories were opposing factions in the British Parliament from the 1680's to the 1850's. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0070Equipment. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0071Indignation is defined as anger towards a misunderstanding or mistreatment. Thus, color here refers to the flushing of Gulliver's face from anger. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0072An arbitress is the feminine form of an arbiter, which is a person who has the ultimate decision making power. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0073Talking foolishly. Source Oxford English Dictionaryn0074A mirror. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0075Witty remarks and conversations. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0076Contemptible. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0077To dismiss from one's position. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0078Request. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0079"Good-humored" banter. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0080Piece by piece. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0081Oppose. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0082An old english term referencing an area of northern and central Asia. Source:Oxford English Dicitonaryn0083A meeting place for the two houses of parliament. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0084A cyst. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0085Bags of wool bagged for sale. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0086A parasitic insect. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0087Rooting is the action of digging with one's snout. Rooting is a common act done by pigs. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0088A vehicle. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0089Dress or uniform. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0090The steeple at the Salisbury Cathedral is 404 feet tall. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbuy_Cathedral
n0091The diameter of the cupola, or dome of St. Paul's Cathedral is 112 feet. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral
n0092An older spelling for shows. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0093A shrub. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0094A stick used for beating, similar to a club. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0095A type of finch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_linnetn0096Hesitate. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0097A criminal. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0098"Jet d'eau" is french for water jet. At the Palace of Versailles there are many fountains that contain water jets. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0099A rowboat for carrying passengers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0100A wood craftsman. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0101A morning meeting held where visitors come to see the King as he wakes up and goes about his morning. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0102A pointed tool for making holes. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0103(DRAFT) A spinet is a keyed instrument resembling a harpsichord or a piano. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0104A cudgel is a similar size to a policeman's baton. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0105Intelligence or "acuteness of mental discernment." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0106Important. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0107An esteemed orator and statesman of Ancient Greece famed for his orations. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenesn0108A Roman politician who "is considered one of Rome's greatest orators." Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciceron0109Happiness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0110The House of Peers, also known as the House of Lords, is the upper house of the British Parliament, with the House of Commons froming the lower house. In Swift's day, the House of Lords was composed of men who had inherited their seats along with their aristocratic titles. Now it is a mix of such people, including those, men and women, who have been appointed to the Lords by the government. The House of Lords has much less power now than it did in Swift's day. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lordsn0111Inheritance (generally of a church or religious body). Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0112The highest appeal court similar to the United State's Supreme Court. Source: Wikipedian0113Strong "defense or safeguard." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0114The lower house of Parliament, consisting of members who were elected to represent specific geographical areas. Contemporary readers would recognize that Guliver's characterization of the House of Commons, and the Parliament more generally, is greatly idealized. In reality, most members of the House of Commons had either been in effect appointed to or purchased their seats, and the institution as a whole was deeply corrupt in this period. Source: Wikipedian0115Gathered or plucked. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0116Notes to aid memory. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0117Greed. Source:Oxford English Dictionaryn0118Biases. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0119Priests or clegymen. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0120With "the spirit of a slave" or a servant. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0121"Reference to the court of the Lord Chancellor of England. The highest court or judicature next to the House of Lords." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0122"Equity here designates a particular branch of the law, one associated with property matters." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0123Write up; to write a law into being. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0124Money. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0125Comforting or heart-stimulating drinks or restoratives. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0126To habituate means to get used to. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0127"Deceitfulness" or "unfaithfulness." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0128To bring together in a concise manner to repeat or summarize. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0129A praising speech. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0130Harmful or villainous. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0131"Hated." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0132"Praiseworthy." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0133A great Greek historian. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0134"To bring [oneself] into favor with someone else." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0135Inventor. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0136"Mildness [or] gentleness." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0137Cessation or end to a judicial case. Source: Oxford English Dictionary.n0138Philosophy of mind (instead of nature) following Kant's philosophy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0139"Quick-witterd" or "imaginative." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0140Page. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0141Pasteboard is about as thick as card stock or cardboard. Source: Wikipedian0142Folio here means book size. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0143Flowery or ornamental. Soruce: Oxford English Dictionaryn0144Severe weather. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0145"Rank by birth." High ranking persons by birth. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0146A cart. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0147To increase or multiply, such as by reproduction. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0148Quarry here may either refer to the bird's roost upon a mountain or the corpses of prey the bird has stacked beside his nest. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0149Hits or blows. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0150Louder than the roar of Niagara Falls. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0151Gloomy or despondent. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0152People of small stature. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0153A man coming from the English county of Shropshire. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0154Immediately or at once. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0155Hardtack or a simple biscuit/cracker that was made on ships made from flour, water, and occasionally salt. Because of its inexpensiveness and non-perishable qualty it was often take on ships. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardtack
n0156Attributed to or ascribed to. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0157A league is about three miles, so thus a hundred leagues would be about three hundred miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0158"With a mental or moral quality or character;" a tact for. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0159Integrity. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0160Truthfulness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0161A variety of apple. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipedian0162A silver three-pence coin has a diameter of 16.20mm. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threepence_(British_coin)n0163"Good-humored ridicule or banter." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0164Phaethon was a deity known for "being rash, adventurous, impetuos, or destructive." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0165Either in reference to a place near Alberta Canada or Tonkin, a region in Vietnam. However, given the cardinal directions of his voyage, I assume, Vietnam. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonquinn0166A historical name for Australia. Source: https:/een.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hollandn0167A farthing is a "quarter of a penny." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0168To pay. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0169A small boat. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0170To trade. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0171Being bound or shackled. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0172A malicious person. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0173Bits of shrubs and twigs. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0174(DRAFT) include a picture here or at the first mentioning of the name "laputa."
n0175Column. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0176Disturbances. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0177Touching or contact. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0178Thinking or reflection. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0179A street drain or a gutter. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0180A crowd or gathering of people. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0181Tied. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0182A woodwind instument of a higher pitch than the bassoon. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0183To force unto someone. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0184(DRAFT GO AND FIX THE OTHER LEAGUE MEASURMENTS) Approximately 310 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0185At about 310 miles in 4.5 days (108 hours,) Laputa is moving at about 2.87 miles per hour. (Perhaps the actual speed of Laputa is a bit more, however, it's impossible to calcuate the floating island's wind resistance, so 2.87 is a good approximation).n0186"One or other of the concentric, transparent, hollow globes imagined by the older astronomers as revolving round the earth and respectively carrying with them the several heavenly bodies (moon, sun, planets, and fixed stars)." Source: Oxford English Dictionary. Oddly enough, for the great thinkers that they are, the Laputians are still following the geocentric model of the solar system.n0187Bevel is the action of cutting away at something so as to change the angle from 90 degrees to something more acute or obtuse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0188Lack of strength or power. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0189An imperceptible stream of flowing particles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0190The point in a planet's revolution when it is nearest the sun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0191Generally once iron begins to glow red-hot, its temperature is about 500-1000 degrees. By this number, they're assuming that the temperature of the sun is 5,000,000-10,000,000 degrees. However, the surface of the sun is only about 10,000 degrees. But, whilst the surface of the sun is only 10,000 degrees, the heat increases as it moves away from the sun into the corona (which stretches approximately 310 miles from the surface), and can reach degrees as high as a few million. Thus, if the perihelion of the earth ever got so close as to be 310 miles from the sun, we'd all be experiencing a nice and toasty, few million degrees. For reference, the moon is about 238,900 miles away from the earth and the International Space Station orbits at about 260 miles from the earth's surface.
However, despite their calculations for temperature not being too far off, the Laputians have overlooked the Roche limit. The Roche limit for the sun and the earth is about 345,729 miles. Thus, if the earth ever got within the Roche limit of the sun, the earth would be torn apart by gravitational and tidal forces long before we ever were able to experience those few million degrees.
Source:Wikipedian0192Gentlemen or something gorgeous or handsome.
Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0193Fancies or whimsies. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0194A hard rock or mineral. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0195A "magnetic oxide of iron." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0196A box containing thread that was thrown back and forth between employees at a weaver's store. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0197Neither horizontal or vertical, but rather at some slanted angle between the two. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryt003(draft) There is a map in the book we could use here
n0213Daily or day-long. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0214Abdominal pain such as to the stomach, colon, or bowels. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0215A bellows is an instrument that blows air into a fire. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0216"Loose from emptiness." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0217Some compound or acid referring to nitrogen. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0218To filter or sift a liquid. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0219Breaking. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0220The husks of corn. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0221Referring to a seed. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryt004(DRAFT) A picture of these people and how they look would be interesting
n0229Lawlessness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0230Boils. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0231Diseased. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0232Scrofula is a disease that causes the lymph nodes and glands to swell and deteriorate. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0233Bad smelling. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0234Pus-like. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0235Burps. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0236A wide variety of different medicines. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0237Outspoken. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0238The back of the head. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0239Beneficial, good. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0240Law violations. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0241Gallows. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0242A jester's cap. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0243A cask. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0244Portsmouth is about 17sq miles. Source: Wikipedian0245About 17 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0246A rowboat. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0247The Isle of Wight is about 150sq miles, thus Glubbdubrib is about 50sq miles. Source: Wikipedia.n0248Gross, weird, or absurd. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0249Alexander the Great 356-323 BCE
He was the king of the Macedonian empire who created the largest empire of the ancient world. His influence caused the emergence of the Hellenistic Period. he was rumored to have died by poison. Source: Wikipedia
n0250The battle of Arbela, also known as the battle of Gaugamela, saw an outnumbered Alexander the Great defeat the Persians. Source: Wikipedian0251Hannibal Barca 247-183 BCE
A Cathaginian general who led one of the most famous military crusades when he took his army across the Alps. Source: Wikipedian0252Drop of vinegar is a reference to how Hannibal would heat up rocks and pour vinegar on them to soften up the rocks that were blocking his way. Source: Wikipedian0253Julius Caesar 100-44 BCE
A famed Roman politician and general who was a member of the first triumvirate. With his hunger for power he brought an end to the Roman Republic and rose to power as a dictator in the Roman Empire. The picture below depicts his assasination on the Ides of March by his fellow senators. Source: Wikipedia
n0254Pompey 106-46 BCE
Rule of the late Roman Republic and general who was a part of the first triumvirate alongside Caesar. However, their friendship didn't last long as they fought for control of Rome. Losing against Caesar, Pompey fled to Egypt where he was later assassinated. Source: Wikipedian0255A long enduring political body in Rome based on a Republic government where a state is ruled by a body of elected governing citizens. Source: Wikipedian0256Marcus Junius Brutus 85-42 BCE
Famed assassin of Caesar, Brutus was a Roman politician of the Roman Republic. During the civil war between Pompey and Caesar for power, Brutus sided with Pompey, but surrendered to Caesar after Pompey's defeat. After assassinating Caesar with his fellow Liberators, Brutus later went on to commit suicide after being defeated by Caesar's grandnephew Octavian. Below is a picture of Brutus being haunted by the ghost of Caesar. Source: Wikipedia
n0257Respect. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0258Complete or perfect. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0259Portion. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0260Junius is a famous family of Rome or in reference to Lucius Junius Brutus, a founder of the Roman Republic. Source: Wikipedian0261Socrates 470-399 BCE
Famed Greek philosopher, while he never wrote anything, his embodiment and thoughts live through his student Plato's dialogues. Source: Wikipedian0262Epaminondas ?-362 BCE
A Greek general who free Thebes from Spartan Control. Source: Wikipedian0263Cato the younger 95-6 BCE
A Roman Statesman of the Roman Republic. He was a famous orator known for his integrity and his hatred for corruption. Source: Wikipedian0264Sir Thomas More 1478-1535 AD
A Renaissance humanist who was famed as a lawyer, philosopher, statesman, and councilor to the King. He opposed the Protestant Reformation. Source: Wikipedian0265Sir Thomas More 1478-1535 AD
A Renaissance humanist who was famed as a lawyer, philosopher, statesman, and councilor to the King. He opposed the Protestant Reformation. Source: Wikipedian0266A group of six. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0267Homer is the acsribed author of the Greek epic poems "The Illiad" and "The Odyssey" Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0268Aristotle 384-322 BCE
A Greek scientist and philosopher famed as the "Father of Western Philosophy." Source: Wikipedia.n0269Didymus is the author of a commentary on Homer. Source: Wikipedian0270Eustathius is the author of a commentary on the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey." Source: Wikipedian0271Scotus is a philosopher and commentator on Aristotle. Dunce is derived from his name. Source: Wikipedian0272Ramus is a French philosopher opposed to Aristotlen0273Descartes 1596-1650 AD
A French philosopher and mathematician, and speaker of the phrase, "I think therefore I am." Source: Wikipedia
n0274Pierre Gassendi 1592-1655 AD
A French philosopher, priest, and mathematician. Descartes and Aristotle did not get along intellectually with Gassendi due to his beliefs in the atomic idea of Epicurus. Source: Wikipedian0275Epicurus 341-270 BCE
A Greek philosopher famed for his school of philosophy, Epicureanism. Epicureanism was a form of hedonism, focusing of maximization of pleasure. However, Epicurus put a focus on living a simple life of happiness. Thus isntead of falling to any extremes, he advocated living within the means. Source: Wikipeadian0276Vortexes. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0277The first five Roman emperors were as follows: Augustus Caesar, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Neron0278Eglabalus 203-222 AD
Roman emperor who ruled from 218-222 AD, and died at the age of eighteen. Eglabalus was known for his emphasis on luxury. Source: Wikipedian0279A kind of Spartan serf that is lesser than a regular citizen, but higher than a slave. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0280Agesilaus 444-360 BCE
A Spartan king.n0281Crowns. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0282Spruce means brisk, lively, or neat, while a courtier is an attendant at court. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0283A highly ranked cleric. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0284An abbot is the head of a Christian abbey. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0285Men of the Pope's council. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0286Male servants or pages. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0287Intellectually impaired or crazy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0288Swindlers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0289Polydore Virgil 1470-1555 AD
An Italian scholar famed as the "father of English history." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0290This Latin phrase translates as "not a man was brave, nor a woman chaste." Source: Wikipedian0291A personal attendant. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0292Coach drivers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0294In this time, sodomites generally referred to homosexuals. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0295Generally someone in charge of a brothel or a pimp. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0296Misconduct. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0297The act of pimping. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0298Diminish or reduce. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0299The battle of Actium (31 BCE) is a famous naval battle that was considered the "final war of the Roman Republic." The battle was between Octavian and the forces of Antony and Cleopatra. The battle was won by Octavian as he moved further away from the old Roman Republic and went on to help construct the Roman Empire. Source: Wikipedia
n0300Mark Antony 83-30 BCE
He was a Roman Politician, and one of the Second Triumvirate. He followed Julius Caesar and killed his assassins at the battle of Philippi. However, quickly tensions grew between Octavian and Antony, and just as it did with the first triumvirate, a second civil war broke out. Antony, married to Octavian's sister octavia, was having an affair with Cleopatra and had her kingdom fight alongside him in the war they lost. After their loss, the couple both committed suicide. Source: Wikipedian0301Augustus here is most likely a reference to Octavian after he defeated Antony for rule of Rome. Source: Wikipedian0302Publicola was one of the Roman aristocrats who helped overthrow Julius Caesar. Source: Wikipedian0303Agrippa 64-12 BCE
A general and friend of Octavian. Source: Wikipedian0304Servants. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0305"Of the old stamp" means that the English yeomen operate by the old English ways. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0306Mercifulness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0307207 miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0308Shallow waters or a sand bar. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0309About 607 feet. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0310A guard. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0311Group. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0312Mercy. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0313Appellation is derived from the French word appeler, which means to call. In French to say "My name is Adam," you would say "Je m'appelle adam" which translates directly as 'I call myself Adam." Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0314Compass refers to the circumference. The circumference of a silver threepence is about the circumference of a dime. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipedian0315An English shilling's diameter is 23mm or a bit bigger than an Americain Nickel. Source: Wikipedia
n031660. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0317(DRAFT) Maybe a picture earlier of a strudlebugn031880 years old. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0319The act of doting, caring, or adoring. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0320A small amount of money. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0321Boundaries or property lines. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0322Ambon, Indonesia. Source: Wikipedian0323A province of the Netherlands. Source: Wikipedian0455Swift invented this word, which has gone on to have a wide range of uses, from deignating an uncultured rube to an internet portal.n0324A ship that deals in merchandise or trading. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0325Tenerife is a reference to the biggest of the Canary Islands of Spain. Source: Wikipedia
n0326Campeche is a Mexican territory marked on the map with the red dot. To get there, Captain Pocock will be sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0327Filled with water and sank. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0328A disease where sailors become delirious and want to jump into the sea. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0329A type of Pirates. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0330The south Atlantic Ocean. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0331To corrupt one's morality or to seduce away from virtue. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0332Gun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0333Ask, demand, or plead. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0334Cargo. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0335Some of these sailor's "toys" may have included a hanger, an astrolabe or quadrant, some hardtack, rope or pack-thread, a compass, a scarf or cravat to keep of the sun, and some gold coins. Source: Oxford English Dictionary and Wikipediathicketn0336Shrubs or bushes. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0337(DRAFT) Picture?n0338Genitals. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0339Breasts. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0340Hostility or anger. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0341Face. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0456(DRAFT) The pastern of the horse is essentially an ankle. In the picture it is the white part of the horse's leg. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0342Spelling. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0343(DRAFT) Perhaps give a pronunciation guide and an explanation like: huh-wE-nims.n0344Constructed with interlaced rods, posts, or twigs. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0345A rack and manger is where a horse stores and eats food. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0346A nag is an old or small horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0347Adult female horses. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0348The thigh or crook of the knee. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0349A young male horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0350A young female horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0351The haunches of a horse refers to its buttocks and backs of the legs. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0352Strong ties or shackles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0353Chestnut or reddish brown. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0355The fetlock is the part of the horse's leg right above the pastern. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0356A stallion or adult strong male horse. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0357To sift the extra particles from the grains by using the air to filter it. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0358Tasteless. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0359This isn't true. Salt licks are a common meeting grounds for many animals like cattle, deer, moose, elephants, and many others. In fact, hunters will occasionally lay out salt blocks to attract deer or other game.n0360The binomial nomenclature for humans today is "Homosapien Sapiens" which translates roughly as wise, wiseman. Source: Wikipedian0361Amusing. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0362Grueling work. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0363Disdain or disregard. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0364Carrying. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0365Talking in " a roundabout" way to explain something. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0366Similar things. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0367The breaking of a vow or saying something is truthful despite knowing that it's false. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0368Similar to evading the draft; military desertion.n0369Lack of restraint or the exercising of excess. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0370Ideas or vauge notions to explain. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0371Invincible. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0372Familiarity with the topics. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0373An excerpt. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0374Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)
King James II was overthrown by the Prince of Orange (William II) and members of the parliament. This revolution was also known as the Bloodless Revolution. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolutionn0375Nine Years War (1688-1689)
The war was between a coaltion of England, Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, Savoy, Spain, and the Dutch Republic against the French king Louis XIV. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Years%27_Warn0376Unfortunately population estimations for England before 1800 vary a lot. however, in 1801 the population, taken by a census, showed the population to be 7,754,875.
Populations for 1700 approximate the country to house 5,200,00 inhabitants. So when Gulliver say's they lost one million people that was about one fifth of the population of England. However, given that most people would not be privy to this census data, nor an actual number of how many died in the war, this would just a estimate on Gulliver's part.
For reference: the population of Chicago, as of 2016, was about 2.705 million people. Source: Wikipedian0377Choirs and organs were removed from the churches in 1649 till 1660 due to Presbyterian influence. Source: Wikipedian0378Post refers to an idol. Here Swift is commenting on the debate about practicing idol worshipping. Source: Wikipedian0379An epidemic or disease like the plague. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0380Made chaotic by or interfered with by. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0381Job. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0382Impoverished. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0383A small hand-gun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0384A medium sized gun somewhere between a musket and a hand-gun. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0385A reference to the military tactic of mining tunnels underneath the opposing army and exploding the ground underneath them. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0386A coutner-plot or a secret plan. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0387Screamed or yelled. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0388To wrong. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0389Unjust. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0390Suspend or defer a proceeding until a later time. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0391A decision. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0392Vernacular or jargonn0393Commit perjury. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0394Bribing someone, often times to commit a crime. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0395To bully or intimidate. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0396Defaming someone in writing. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0397Living in excess. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0398Insertion. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0399Predicting. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0400Forewarning. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0401Compliant. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0402A school or a place of education. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0403A gatekeeper or a bellhop that carries luggage. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0404A red-brown colour. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0405Old anatomy and theories of psychology often cited the spleen as the seat sadness. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0406This is referring to Juvenal's second Satire where he cites irregular sexual appetites and preferences such as homosexuality to be a product of society. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satires_(Juvenal)n0407(DRAFT) A person who talks incessantly or literally a crow. Source: Oxford English Dictionary (Just want a second opinion cause the book doesn't say much about thisn0408Restless. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0409Sexful, lustful, or lewd. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0410Very sexual and offensive. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0411Inclination. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0412(DRAFT) The "fruit of a blackthorn." Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0413(DRAFT) Back in the 1700's in Ireland, a law was passed that placed the age of consent at twelve. However, Swift's rumored lovers Stella and Vanessa were supposedly significantly younger than himself, and while we don't know their exact ages, it could have been around twelve. Source: Oxford World's Classics Gulliver's Travelsn0414To be a part of. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0415Unteachable. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0416To reproduce. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0417Bundles of crops or wheat. Source: Oxford English Dictionary
n0418Eighty. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0419A mat made of various reeds. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0420Taunters. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0421One who blames or condemns others. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0422Similar to a backstabber or someone who talks behind your back. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0423Someone who is dominated by their spleen. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0424Rapistsn0425Public humiliation. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0426Fools. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0427Diseases or STD's. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0428Thinkers, teachers. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0429To comment on. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0430Perversion. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0431Seventeen miles. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0432A thicket of trees or underbrush. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0433Hard animal fat. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0434Watertight. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0435Judged. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0436A historical name for Australia.n0437The Cape of Good Hope is the bottom tip of Africa. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0438Food similar to a clam. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn439Just under two miles. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0440Lisbon is the capital city of Portugal. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0441Truthfulness. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0442Not subject to corruption or violation. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0443Equipped. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0444One's manner of being. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0445A variety of European shrubs. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0446Generally you could live off of 30-40 pounds a year, so Gulliver has been given quite a lot of money.n0447Credence or values. Source: Oxford English Dictioanryn0448(DRAFT) This is a quote by Virgil that translates as "Nor if fortune has made Sinon, will she also in her spite make him false and a liar." Sinon, tells a lie and convinces the Trojans to take in the wooden horse into their city which leads to their ultimate destruction. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonn0449Missive refers to missile. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0450Kicks. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0452"He kicks back, at every point on his guard." Horace's Satire IIn0451Great, noble, or brave. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0453Cursed. Source: Oxford English Dictionaryn0454Someone who bribes others to commit crimes. Source: Oxford English DictionaryI
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