[Letter to Esther Burney, Dated 22 March 1812]
By Frances Burney

Transcription, correction, editorial commentary, and markup by Tonya Howe
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Sources

Online : The New York Public Library Digital Collections, 1803-1812In 1810, Burney became alarmed by a pain in her breast, diagnosed as cancer. In September of the following year, she underwent a radical double mastectomy, without anesthetic. This letter, a copy Burney recorded in her journals, is notable for a variety of reasons, not least of which is that it is a rare example of a first-person account of such an operation. It is also an excellent representative of the genre of letter-writing during the period, when of course there were no other methods of long-distance communication; it was used for conducting business, communicating news, reaching out to friends and family, and more. Many manuals teaching letter-writing to the new "middling sort" were available during the eighteenth century; these manuals taught conventions and even offered sample letters for different purposes. Samuel Richardson, whose epistolary novel Pamela (1740)--an "epistolary" novel was written in the form of letters sent between the different characters--was a bestseller, a testament to the compelling nature of the personal letter during the period. Richardson's Letters Written to and for Particular Friends, a letter-writing manual with examples, was calibrated to the close, personal relationship, while Daniel Defoe's The Complete English Tradesman (1725) was geared toward those needing to correspond on business matters. Writing conventions differed by gender, age, class, and according to the relationship between author and addressee. Among the many rules for letter-writers, manuals encouraged writers to compose with the same voice they would use to converse directly with that person. Burney's letter to her sister vividly captures that voice and their relationship. Young writers were also taught to cultivate their "hand" or handwriting; in this letter, you can see that Burney's hand is not as neat as you might expect. This is because the letter was transcribed or copied down in her journal--a common way to keep records--before the actual letter was sent off to her sister.This digital edition of Frances Burney's harrowing letter to Esther is drawn from the facsimile of the original housed in the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature at The New York Public Library, made possible through the Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Readers can explore the document, identifiable as "Burney, Esther Burney, her sister. 1 ALS and 4 AL to", online, at https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/13e47ec0-d47e-0135-f4b9-11359cd62681. Our transcription draws on a handout from Kimberly Cox (Chadron State College) available at https://britlit-middleagestoeighteenthcentury.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/2/8/44283759/burney_a_mastectomy.pdf and has been updated to reflect the facsimile. We especially thank The New York Public Library for making this material freely available. For more information on letter writing during the long eighteenth century, see Louise Curran's Samuel Richardson and the Art of Letter-Writing (2016) and Susan Whyman's The Pen and the People: English Letter Writers 1660-1800 (2009).

Editorial Statements

Research informing these annotations draws on publicly-accessible resources, with links provided where possible. Annotations have also included common knowledge, defined as information that can be found in multiple reliable sources. If you notice an error in these annotations, please contact lic.open.anthology@gmail.com.

Original spelling and capitalization is retained, though the long s has been silently modernized and ligatured forms are not encoded.

Hyphenation has not been retained, except where necessary for the sense of the word.

Page breaks have been retained. Catchwords, signatures, and running headers have not.

Materials have been transcribed from and checked against first editions, where possible. See the Sources section for more information.


Citation

Burney, Frances. "[Letter to Esther Burney, Dated 22 March 1812]" . Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New York Public Library, The New York Public Library Digital Collections, 1803-1812 . Literature in Context: An Open Anthology. http://anthologydev.lib.virginia.edu/work/Burney/burney-letter-march-22-1812. Accessed: 2025-01-30T01:47:12.564Z
TEST Audio
[1] [Letter to Esther Burney, Dated 22 March 1812]

P. S. I have promised my dearest Esther a Volume– & here it is: I am at this moment quite well– so are my Alexanders. Read, therefore, this narrative at your leisure, & without emotion--for all has ended happily. I will send the rest by the very first opportunity: I seize this present with eagerness– oh let none– none pass by that may bring me a return!– I have no more yet written.

Separated as I have now so long—long been from my dearest Father—Brothers—Sisters— Nieces, and Native Friends, I would spare, at least, their kind hearts any grief for me but what they must inevitably feel in reflecting upon the sorrow of such absence to one so tenderly attached to all her first and for-ever so dear and regretted ties—nevertheless, if they should hear that I have been dangerously ill from any hand but my own, they might have doubts of my perfect recovery which my own alone can obviate. And how can I hope they will escape hearing what has reached Seville to the South, and Constantinople to the East? from both I have had messages—yet nothing could urge me to this communication till I heard that M. de Boinville had written it to his Wife, without any precaution, because in ignorance of my plan of silence. Still I must hope it may never travel to my dearest Father—But to You, my beloved Esther, who, living more in the World, will surely hear it ere long, to you I will write the whole history, certain that, from the moment you know any evil has befallen me your kind kind heart will be constantly anxious to learn its extent and its circumstances, as well as its termination.

About August, in the year 1810, I began to by annoyed by a small pain in my breast, which went on augmenting from week to week, yet, being rather heavy than acute, without causing me any uneasiness with respect to consequences: Alas, “what was ignorance?” The most sympathising of Partners, however, was more disturbed: not a start, not a wry face, not a movement that indicated pain was unobserved, and he early conceived apprehensions to which I was a stranger. He pressed me to see some Surgeon; I revolted from the idea, and hoped, by care and warmth, to make all succour unnecessary. Thus passed some months, during which Madame de Maisonneuve, my particularly intimate friend, joined with M. d’Arblay to press me to consent to an examination. I thought their fears groundless, and could not make so great a conquest over my repugnance. I relate this false confidence, now, as a warning to my dear Esther—my Sisters and Nieces, should any similar sensations excite similar alarm.

M. d’Arblay now revealed his uneasiness to another of our kind friends, Mme de Tracy, who wrote to me a long and eloquent Letter upon the subject, that began to awaken very unpleasant surmizes: and a conference with her ensued, in which her urgency and representations, aided by her long experience of disease, and most miserable existence by art, subdued me, and, most painfully and reluctantly, I ceased to object, and M. d’Arblay summoned a physician—M. Bourdois? Maria will cry;—No, my dear Maria, I would not give your beau frere that trouble; not him, but Dr Jouart, the physician of Miss. Potts. Thinking but slightly of my statement, he gave me

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